BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//ox.ac.uk//NONSGML oxford.event//EN
X-WR-TIMEZONE:Europe/London
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Europe/London
X-LIC-LOCATION:Europe/London
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
DTSTART:19700329T010000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=3
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
DTSTART:19701025T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:2-Day Workshop: Plague in the Nineteenth-Century: Epidemiological 
 and Epistemological Connections
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260706T090000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260707T180000
DTSTAMP:20260701T123525Z
UID:c96eec4f-3875-f111-ab0e-6045bdcfd1e1
CREATED:20260701T103340Z
DESCRIPTION:Although long-standing scholarship suggests that plague ended 
 in the Ottoman world after the 1840s (Panzac\, 1985)\, the ensuing decades
  saw multiple outbreaks in the empire’s territories in Anatolia and the 
 Middle East/North Africa that were likely tail ends of the Second Plague P
 andemic. While most took place in in rural areas\, some extended to import
 ant urban centres\, such as Baghdad in the late 1870s. These included\, bu
 t are not limited to\, plagues at Erzurum (1842)\; Egypt (1844)\; Benghazi
  (1857)\; Iran\, (1863\, 1871)\, and Iraq (1867-1877). Outbreaks in Astrak
 han in neighboring Russian territory in 1878-79 erupted almost in tandem w
 ith the latter following the Russo-Ottoman War. In India\, following the b
 etter-known Pali outbreak in the 1830s\,  plague was observed through the 
 mid-nineteenth century in the Himalayan highland districts of Kumaon and G
 arhwal. Although they were subject to significant state scrutiny and inter
 vention\; caused loss of lives and livelihoods\; and produced vibrant epid
 emiological debates\, these outbreaks have received scant scholarly attent
 ion\, especially through comparative or connected approaches (some notewor
 thy exceptions include Bolanos\, 2019\; Atmaca\, 2020\; Lynteris\, 2022\; 
 Yılmaz\, 2023). Our preliminary insights suggest that there are extensive
  epistemological links\, as well as possible epidemiological ones between 
 these outbreaks. State-appointed Ottoman physicians\, as well as British/E
 uropean colonial officers\, circulated between and connected Erzurum to Be
 nghazi\, as well as Baghdad to Astrakhan in efforts to define and contain 
 the disease. Views of the Himalayan highland environment were projected on
 to discussions of plague’s locality in the mountains of northern Iran. D
 iagnostic plague categories\, such as “spontaneous plague” elaborated 
 on during rural outbreaks in Iraq\, reinforced discussions on novel catego
 ries in India. In both Ottoman imperial as well as colonial contexts\, pov
 erty\, cultural habits and social conditions came to represent societies s
 uffering from the disease. In almost all cases\, the nature of the outbrea
 ks in the pre-bacteriology era were highly contested\, leading to intense 
 discussions on symptomatology\, evidentiary frameworks and scientific auth
 ority that defined the field of epidemiology. Many questions remain on whe
 ther the outbreaks were independent\, whether routes of transmission can b
 e identified between these regions\, and whether climatological or other e
 nvironmental factors had a role in inducing temporally parallel outbreaks.
   \n\nBringing together a transdisciplinary group of scholars\, the worksh
 op aims to reconsider historiographical assertions on plague’s ends or t
 ransformation in the nineteenth-century\; illuminate transimperial and tra
 nsregional networks in making medical knowledge in the nineteenth-century\
 ; explore possible epidemiological linkages across regions\; and offer new
  insights into plague’s biological\, environmental and social dimensions
  through comparative and connective approaches. While we emphasize such an
  approach\, local case studies are welcome\, as well as scientific microbi
 ology research that offers insights on plague activity in the geography sp
 ecified.
LAST-MODIFIED:20260701T104102Z
LOCATION:Schwarzman Centre - Room 00.056\, Room 00.056 Schwarzman Centre R
 adcliffe Observatory Quarter\, Woodstock Road Oxford Oxfordshire OX2 6GG U
 nited Kingdom
SPEAKER:Keynote: Professor Christos Lynteris (St Andrews)
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR